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  A  flywheel  is a rotating mechanical device that is used to store rotational energy. Flywheels have a significant moment of inertia and thus resist changes in rotational speed. The amount of energy stored in a flywheel is proportional to the square of its rotational speed. Energy is transferred to a flywheel by applying torque to it, thereby increasing its rotational speed, and hence its stored energy. Conversely, a flywheel releases stored energy by applying torque to a mechanical load, thereby decreasing its rotational speed. Flywheel is a circular wheel (or Disc) made up of steel or cast iron (depends upon the application). It also acts as part of clutch mechanism and fluid drive unit. It has teeth on its outer edge which is meshed with the teeth of the electric cranking motor driven pinion and it used to crank (to rotate crankshaft) the engine during its starting. Working of Flywheel To understand that lets take an example of working of single cylinder four stroke engine . In f

  This is a smart type of fuel injector which is controlled electronically by the electronic control unit of the engine which is also known as brain of modern engines. Electronically controlled fuel injectors consist of following parts – Injector body-  Same as the mechanically controlled fuel injector the body of this type of injector is a precisely designed hollow shell inside which all the other components are arranged. Plunger-   Same as the mechanically controlled fuel injector a plunger is used for the opening and closing of the nozzle but in electronically controlled fuel injector the opening of the nozzle is controlled electronically with the help of electromagnets. Spring –  S ame as the mechanically controlled fuel injector a plunger spring is used to hold the plunger in its position in order to close the nozzle of the fuel injector when required. Electromagnets –   Unlike mechanically controlled fuel injector this type of injector is equipped with electromagnets just around

A Traction Control System ( TCS ), also known as Anti-Slip Regulation ( ASR ), is typically (but not necessarily) a secondary function of the anti-lock braking system on production vehicles , and is designed to prevent loss of traction of the driven road wheels, and therefore maintain the control of the vehicle when excessive throttle is applied by the driver and the condition of the road surface (due to varying factors) is unable to cope with the torque applied. The basic idea behind the need of a traction control system is the difference between the slips of different wheels or an apparent loss of road grip that may result in loss of steering control over the vehicle. Difference in slip may occur due to turning of a vehicle or differently varying road conditions for different wheels. At high speeds, when a car tends to turn, its outer and inner wheels are subjected to different speed of rotation, that is conventionally controlled by using a differential. Imagine you are accelerating

  A compression ratio (CR) of an I C engine is the ratio of the total volume of the combustion chamber To the volume left after complete compression i.e. clearance volume. In simple words, it is the ratio between the total volume of the combustion chamber which is left when the piston is at its bottom dead center and the volume left inside the combustion chamber when the piston moves to its top dead center. For example- Let’s consider an engine having 1000cc total volume out of which 900cc is the swept volume i.e. the volume covered by the piston when it moves from BDC to TDC, and having 100cc clearance volume i.e. the volume left inside the cylinder when the piston reached to its TDC. So the compression ratio of this engine will be 1000:100 or 10:1. It is found that greater the compression ratio more will be the power output of the engine. The compression ratio of diesel engine is much higher than that of petrol engine. i.e. for petrol engine the CR varies from 10:1 to 14:1 and for di