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  Bam! Bam! Order! Order in Wonderopolis! Bam! Order in Wonderopolis! Bam! Bam! Don’t worry, we’re just kidding—everyone knows Wonderopolis is anything but orderly. But if that opening sounded familiar, you may be picturing a judge rapping a tiny hammer on a piece of wood and yelling, “Order in the court!”   That tiny hammer is called a gavel. It’s typically made of wood and paired with a base on which it can be hit. Why do judges use gavels? To maintain order in the courtroom, of course! After all, emotions can run high during a trial. If the gavel comes out, it’s because the judge is asking for things to quiet down.    However, movies and courtroom dramas have given many people the wrong impression . Contrary to popular belief, judges don’t use gavels all that often. They’re more likely to use their voices to quiet a room. In fact, outside of the U.S., gavels are nearly absent altogether. They’re not even that common in U.S. courtrooms. Many judges do receive gavels

  When you think of a typical controlled fire, such as a campfire or bonfire, many of the adjectives that come to mind probably concern heat and temperature: Hot. Roaring. Roasting. On the other hand, you may have a number of visual impressions, too: Sparkling. Shimmering. Dancing.   Just as colors appear in a variety of hues, intensities and on physical media such as painting and clothing, they can also present the same apparent range of visual "flavors" when the medium is what you know as fire. This makes sense, since fire is just . . . really hot light. Or is it?   As it happens, the colors you see in fire do correlate with the temperature in fire, so that you can expect to see certain colors more often in hotter flames and others when things are just getting cooking or dying out. But the situation is more complicated than that because exactly what is burning in a given fire also influences the display of colors in the flaming mix.   How Are the Visible Colors Produced?  

According to Android Central, Google has discreetly added a battery-saving function for Pixel smartphones. The function, dubbed "Optimizing for battery health," is said to prevent Pixel phones from charging above 80% in two scenarios: "continuous charge under high battery drain conditions, such as gameplay" and "continuous charge for four days or more." According to the source, the function would be available on Pixel 3 and subsequent smartphones, and it was first observed on qualifying Pixel models in April and May. According to Google, when the battery-saving feature is activated, a "Optimizing for battery health" notice will appear on the phone's Always-on display as well as in the Settings app under "Battery." Battery Care was a similar feature on Sony Xperia phones that limited charging to 90 percent and featured a toggle to switch it on or off. Google does not provide a toggle option, but the two conditions must be met for the

  Even as awareness around plastic pollution grows, very little is being done to solve the problem. At this rate, by 2050, some experts predict the world's oceans will contain more plastic than fish. A think piece from the United Nations, commissioned by the G20, has now detailed everything the world should do to stop that from becoming our reality because we're not doing enough. Today, roughly 11 million tonnes of plastic end up in our oceans each year, and according to a 2020 model from SYSTEMIQ and The Pew Trusts , by 2040, the amount of plastic waste that leaks into our oceans could nearly triple. Meanwhile, promises and policies from governments and companies will only reduce plastic litter in the marine environment by 7 percent. That's nowhere near what will be needed to achieve the G20's Osaka Blue Ocean Vision , which seeks to stop any new plastic pollution from entering the oceans by 2050. To get there, researchers at the UN argue the world needs a "whol

Rocks aren't all created equal. Some of them are heavy, while others are light. Others are black, while others are nearly white. Even igneous rocks generated from magma in the Earth's mantle can have a wide range of appearances. Igneous rocks Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are the three main types of rocks. Magma in the Earth's mantle creates igneous rocks. They normally don't include fossils, don't react with acids, don't have visible strata, can be comprised of a variety of minerals, have holes or bubbles, and can appear glassy. Volcanologists search for these igneous rocks in order to understand more about their origins and whether they were generated during a volcanic eruption. Geologists use the visual appearance of the rock as an initial clue to its composition but will then verify their ideas using specialised techniques. For example, scientists at The University of Auckland use an electron microprobe to measure the exact quantities of silica

When children draw pictures of the Sun, they often show rays radiating outwards – similar to the image below.   The Sun At this stage of our Sun’s life cycle, hydrogen atoms are fused to form helium atoms. This nuclear reaction produces very large amounts of energy. These light rays travel in a straight line at nearly 300,000 kilometres per second. Sunlight that travels towards the Earth takes just over 8 minutes to reach us. When the rays reach Earth, they hit whatever is in their path. If the object they hit is opaque, the light cannot pass through, and a shadow forms. Simply speaking, a shadow is an absence of light. If light cannot get through an object, the surface on the other side of that object (for example, the ground or a wall) will have less light reaching it. A shadow is not a reflection, even though it is often the same shape as the object. Light sources and shadows There are many sources of light – stars like our Sun, candle flames, light bulbs, glow-worms and computer sc

Meissner effect, the expulsion of a magnetic field from the interior of a material that is in the process of becoming a superconductor, that is, losing its resistance to the flow of electrical currents when cooled below a certain temperature, called the transition temperature, usually close to absolute zero. The Meissner effect, a property of all superconductors, was discovered by the German physicists W. Meissner and R. Ochsenfeld in 1933. As a superconductor in a magnetic field is cooled to the temperature at which it abruptly loses electrical resistance, all or part of the magnetic field within the material is expelled. Relatively weak magnetic fields are entirely repulsed from the interior of all superconductors except for a surface layer about one-millionth of an inch thick. The external magnetic field may be made so strong, however, that it prevents a transition to the superconducting state, and the Meissner effect does not occur. Generally, ranges of intermediate magnetic-field