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It is a safety system in automobiles. It prevents the wheels from locking while braking. The purpose of this is to allow the driver to maintain steering control under heavy braking and, in some situations, to shorten braking distances (by allowing the driver to hit the brake fully without skidding or loss of control). How Do Wheels Lock? During braking, wheels lock if the brake force applied is more than the friction between the road and tyre. This often happens in a panic braking situation, especially on a slippery road. When the front wheels lock, the vehicle slides in direction of motion. When the rear wheels locks, the vehicle swings around. It is impossible to steer around an obstacle with wheels locked. Locked wheels can thus result in accident. Skidding also reduce tyre life. What Does ABS Do? The system detects when the wheel are about to lock and momentarily release the pressure on locking wheel. The brakes are reapplied as soon as the wheels have recovered. A toothed wheel (p

A turbocharger or turbo is a forced induction device used to allow more power to be produced for an engine of a given size. A turbocharged engine can be more powerful and efficient than a naturally aspirated engine because the turbine forces more intake air, proportionately more fuel, into the combustion chamber than if atmospheric pressure alone is used. Turbo are commonly used on truck, car, train, and construction equipment engines. Turbo are popularly used with Otto cycle and Diesel cycle internal combustion engines. There are two ways of increasing the power of an engine. One of them would be to make the fuel-air mixture richer by adding more fuel. This will increase the power but at the cost of fuel efficiency and increase in pollution levels… prohibitive! The other would be to somehow increase the volume of air entering into the cylinder and increasing the fuel intake proportionately, increasing power and fuel efficiency without hurting the environment or efficiency. This is exa

CAD:   Computer-Aided Design (CAD)  can be defined  as the creation, modification, analysis and optimization of a new component using a computer.  CAD involves  3  major elements:-      1. Hardware      2. CAD software and      3. The user The primary function of CAD involves design, analysis and application to manufacturing. An object drawn with CAD  can be  analyzed  interactively on the CAD screen and the physical information can be extracted from it. In an engineering sense, Cad also incorporates finite-element analysis, stress analysis, heat transfer analysis, and fluid flow analysis and so on. I.e. which enables a part to be constructed and  tested  virtually before any physical object is manufactured. CAM:   computer-Aided manufacturing (CAM)  can be defined  as the application of computers to plan, process, manage and control various operations in a manufacturing organization either with direct or indirect computer interface with the available resources.

Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, with carbon content upto a maximum of 1.5%. Most of the steel produced now-a-days is plain carbon steel or simply carbon steel. It is divided into the following types depending upon the carbon content:   1. Dead mild steel — upto 0.15% Carbon 2. Low carbon or mild steel — 0.15% to 0.45% Carbon 3. Medium carbon steel — 0.45% to 0.8% Carbon 4. High carbon steel — 0.8% to 1.5% Carbon Our cities stand on the basic foundation of steel, without which they would instantly collapse. How is this outstanding alloy made? Here we discusses the various methods normally employed during the steel manufacturing process. ·           -  Steel is basically up of an alloy of carbon and iron, where the presence of carbon may vary from 0.25% to 1.5% and hence steel is primarily classified as low carbon steel (around 0.25% carbon), medium carbon steel (between 0.25% to 0.75% carbon) and high carbon steel (0.75% to 1.5% carbon). Steel may be manufactured through the follo

Three fundamental things can happen: a bad  fuel  mix, lack of  compression  or lack of  spark . Beyond that, thousands of minor things can create problems, but these are the "big three." Based on the simple engine we have been discussing, here is a quick rundown on how these problems affect your engine: Bad fuel mix   - A bad fuel mix can occur in several ways: ·  You are out of  gas , so the engine is getting air but no fuel. ·  The air intake might be clogged, so there is fuel but not enough air. ·  The fuel system might be supplying too much or too little fuel to the mix, meaning that combustion does not occur properly. ·  There might be an impurity in the fuel (like water in your gas tank) that makes the fuel not burn. Lack of compression   - If the charge of air and fuel cannot be compressed properly, the combustion process will not work like it should. Lack of compression might occur for these reasons: ·  Your piston rings are worn (allowing air/fuel to leak past the p

In the age of the mobile device, we use more batteries than ever before. From our TV remotes and handheld GPS units, to mobile games, we depend on our batteries. While a lot of our devices now incorporate internal, rechargeable batteries, there are still a lot of devices that need their batteries swapped out when they die. If you use a lot of batteries, then you may find yourself trying to decide between replacing with single-use or rechargeable? Let's take a look at the Advantages of Rechargeable Batteries. 1. Performance –  Since rechargeable batteries can be recharged many times over, the cumulative total service life exceeds that of primary batteries by a wide margin. 2. Savings –  Recharging rechargeable batteries many hundred times is giving the consumer tremendous savings in the long run. 3. Environmentally friendly –  Since the cumulative service is so much longer than primary batteries, only a fraction of the solid waste is generated and a solid waste reduction of 90% and